Oral Mucosal Responses to Titanium and Composite Resin: An Immunohistochemical Study

Section: Research Paper
Issue
Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Volume 26 Issue 1
Pages
84-99

Keywords:

Cluster of differentiation 31, Composite resin, Matrix metalloproteinase 3, Titanium

Abstract

Aims: The current study aimed to evaluate the healing process of the oral mucosa over a submucosal contact with Titanium and Composite resin. Materials and Methods: 24 male New Zealand rabbits were subjected to this study. 12 received a titanium particle in the submucosal tissue, and the other 12 received a composite resin particle. using histological examination of the collected samples. the measuring parameters were the inflammatory cells infiltration, granulation tissue formation, reepithelization and two immunohistochemical tests using cluster of differentiation 31 and matrix metalloproteinase 3 expression in the collected samples to Determine the best material that permits for mucosal healing in contact with the examined two materials and assuring any complications that may arise during the healing of the mucosal soft tissue that is in contact with the mentioned materials. Results:  the results parameters showed similar results with a slight advantage to the titanium material. No significance was noted in the three and seven-day results, while 14-day results show statistical significance favoring Titanium in the parameters of granulation tissue formation, reepithelization, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 expression.  Conclusion:  Titanium shows superior soft tissue healing to the composite resin. But the clear difference will start after 2 weeks

References

  1. Overmiller AM, Sawaya AP, Hope ED, Morasso MI. Intrinsic Networks Regulating Tissue Repair: Comparative Studies of Oral and Skin Wound Healing. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2022 Nov 1; 14 (11): a041244.doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a041244
  2. "Titanium". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  3. Guo T, Gulati K, Arora H, Han P, Fournier B, Ivanovski S. Race to invade: Understanding soft tissue integration at the transmucosal region of titanium dental implants. Dent Mater. 2021 May; 37 (5): 816-831. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.005
  4. Robert G. Craig, Dieter Welker, Josef Rothaut, Klaus Georg Krumbholz, Klaus‐Peter Stefan, Klaus Dermann, Hans‐Joachim Rehberg, Gertraute Franz, Klaus Martin Lehmann, Matthias Borchert. "Dental Materials". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2006.
  5. Hampe T, Wiessner A, Frauendorf H, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Bürgers R, Krohn S. Monomer Release from Dental Resins: The Current Status on Study Setup, Detection and Quantification for In Vitro Testing. Polymers (Basel). 2022 Apr 27; 14 (9): 1790.doi:10.3390/polym14091790
  6. Jeffrey K. Actor. Introductory Immunology Basic Concepts for Interdisciplinary Applications (Second Edition) academic press. 2019.
  7. Gumina RJ, Kirschbaum NE, Rao PN, VanTuinen P, Newman PJ. "The human PECAM1 gene maps to 17q23", Genomics. 1996 June; 34 (2): 229–232. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0318
  8. DeLisser HM, Newman PJ, Albelda SM. "Molecular and functional aspects of PECAM-1/CD31". Immunology Today. 1994 October 15; (10): 490–495.doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90023-7
  9. Ayuningtyas NF, Hendarti HT, Soebadi B, Condro Surboyo MD, Hadi P, Ganesha R, Ernawati DS, Marsetyo RI. Expression of VEGF and CD-31 in traumatic ulcer of diabetic Wistar rats after application of Citrus limon peel essential oil. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2023 May-Jun;13 (3): 380-385. doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.03.009
  10. Verma RP, Hansch C. "Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): Chemical-biological functions and (Q)SARs" (PDF). Bioorg. Med. Chem (March 2007). 15 (6): 2223–68. Archived from the original (PDF). 2015 May 13. Retrieved21 2015 October 21. doi;10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.009
  11. Laronha H, Caldeira J. Structure and Function of Human Matrix Metalloproteinases. Cells. 2020 Apr 26; 9 (5): 1076. doi:10.3390/cells9051076
  12. Docherty AJ, Murphy G. "The tissue metalloproteinase family and the inhibitor TIMP: a study using cDNAs and recombinant proteins". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1990 June; 49 Suppl 1: 469–79. PMID 2197998.
  13. Ye S, Eriksson P, Hamsten A, Kurkinen M, Humphries SE, Henney AM. "Progression of coronary atherosclerosis is associated with a common genetic variant of the human stromelysin-1 promoter which results in reduced gene expression". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1996 May; 271 (22): 13055–60.doi:10.1074/jbc.271.22.13055
  14. Eguchi T, Kubota S, Kawata K, Mukudai Y, Uehara J, Ohgawara T, Ibaragi S, Sasaki A, Kuboki T, Takigawa M. "Novel transcription-factor-like function of human matrix metalloproteinase 3 regulating the CTGF/CCN2 gene". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2008 Apr; 28 (7): 2391–413. doi:10.1128/MCB.01288 07
  15. Osman RB, Swain MV. A Critical Review of Dental Implant Materials with an Emphasis on Titanium versus Zirconia. Materials (Basel). 2015 Mar 5; 8 (3): 932-958.doi:10.3390/ma8030932
  16. Keyvan Moharamzadeh, Ian M. Brook, Andy M. Scutt, Martin H. Thornhill, Richard Van Noort, Mucotoxicity of dental composite resins on a tissue-engineered human oral mucosal model, Journal of Dentistry, 2008; Volume 36 (5): 331-336. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2008.02.006
  17. González-Casanova JE, Bermúdez V, Caro Fuentes NJ, Angarita LC, Caicedo NH, Rivas Muñoz J, Rojas-Gómez DM. New Evidence on BPA's Role in Adipose Tissue Development of Proinflammatory Processes and Its Relationship with Obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 4; 24 (9): 8231. doi:10.3390/ijms24098231
  18. Suhaimi SA, Chan SC, Rosli R. Matrix Metallopeptidase 3 Polymorphisms: Emerging genetic Markers in Human Breast Cancer Metastasis. J Breast Cancer. 2020; Feb, 23(1):1-9. doi:10.4048/jbc.2020.23.e10
  19. Milinkovic, I., Krasavcevic, A.D., Jankovic, S. et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of soft tissue response to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium healing abutments on dental implants: a randomized pilot clinical study. BMC Oral Health. 2022; 22, 484.doi:10.1186/s12903 022 02531 1
  20. Rahmi Khairani Aulia. Biocompatibility of dental resin composites. Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society. 2022;7(1):63–68.doi:10.24815/jds.v7i1.27257
  21. Demirel, Mehmet Gökberkkaan, Hakan Yasin Gönder, and Makbule Tuğba Tunçdemir.. "Analysis of Monomer Release from Different Composite Resins after Bleaching by HPLC" Life 12, 2022 no. 11: 1713. doi:10.3390/life12111713

Authors

Ahmed Farooq Khaleel

Specialized Dental Center, Nineveh Health Directorate, Mosul, Iraq

Wael T. Al-Wattar

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Mosul University, Mosul / Iraq

Abdulsattar Salim Mahmood

Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, Mosul University, Mosul / Iraq

Identifiers

DOI: 10.33899/rdentj.v26i1.60497

Download this PDF file
##submission.supplementaryFiles##
pdf

Statistics

Copyright and Licensing
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.