Prevalence and Classification of Impacted Maxillary Canine in People living in Duhok City by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

Section: Research Paper
Issue
Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): Volume 26 Issue 2
Pages
381-398

Abstract

Aims: The present study aimed to employ CBCT technology to investigate the prevalence, gender distribution, and classification (following Archer's 1975 method) of impacted maxillary canines in Duhok City in order to establish a standard for local clinical practice


Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 4,368 CBCT scans from various private clinics and dentistry centers in Duhok City between 2021 and 2026 were examined. The study sample comprised 2,111 males and 2,257 females, aged 12 to 60 years. Archer's categorization was used to identify and classify impacted maxillary canines. SPSS version 29 was used for statistical analysis. Associations were found using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, with a P < 0.05 threshold for statistical significance.


Results: Out of the entire sample, 162 individuals (3.6%) had at least one maxillary canine impacted. The frequency was much higher in women (2.6%) than in males (1.1%). The next most prevalent categories were Class II (buccal), Class I (palatal), and Class III (mixed labial–palatal). Archer Class IV (impaction inside the alveolar process) accounted for 1.8% of cases. There was a statistically significant correlation found between gender and both the kind of impaction and the impaction status.


Conclusion: The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in Duhok City was relatively elevated compared to other previous studies on the same population (in Duhok City), more than or higher than other populations (in other cities)

Keywords:

Duhok City, Archer's categorization, CBCT, Impacted maxillary canine, Prevalence

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Authors

Ban Taha Mustafa

Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Saleem Khadir Musalah

Assistant Professor, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Identifiers

DOI: 10.33899/vafvm222

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